An on-grid solar power system operates while connected to the main electrical grid as an energy source. This differs from off-grid solar systems, which do not require a connection to the main grid.
The system operates in parallel with the utility grid (such as PLN) to reduce electricity consumption from the utility provider. If the system generates excess power, the surplus can be utilized for future needs.
On-grid solar systems are suitable for urban residential areas, utilizing available space, such as rooftops to capture sunlight. Installing one alongside a utility connection can help lower monthly electricity bills.
What is an On-Grid Solar System?
An on-grid solar system is a power generation setup that produces electricity when connected to a utility power grid (like PLN). The system requires a grid connection to function.
While the on-grid system is simple, it lacks backup power during grid outages. Consequently, if the utility power goes out, the system is also affected.
Advantages of On-Grid Solar Systems
Before installing an on-grid system, it is helpful to understand its advantages.
a. Energy efficiency
On-grid solar systems offer energy efficiency by utilizing electricity credits during production. This helps reduce monthly energy expenses.
b. Stable electricity supply
An on-grid system draws power from the grid when solar panel output drops, ensuring a more stable electricity supply.
c. Suitable for urban areas
Installing solar systems in urban areas can be challenging due to limited land availability. On-grid systems are considered ideal because they require minimal space and installation costs; they can be installed even if you have very limited backyard space.
How an On-Grid Solar System Works
Electricity generated by the on-grid system can be fed into the existing electrical network because it is connected to the public grid. The grid then provides the electricity supply when sunlight is unavailable.
a. Converting Solar Energy into Electrical Energy
First, solar panels capture sunlight. Semiconductor materials within the solar panels release electrons when struck by photons. Once the electrons are released, positive and negative layers are formed, creating an electric field inside the solar panel.
The electric field within the solar panel drives the free electrons to flow through the semiconductor material. Metal contacts on the surface of the photovoltaic cells capture these electrons and channel them through metal wiring.
b. Storing and Sending Electricity to the PLN Grid
The electric current generated by solar panels can be used directly to power electrical appliances or fed into the main electrical grid. However, household appliances operate on AC (Alternating Current), whereas solar panels generate DC (Direct Current).
Therefore, the current must be converted using an inverter. An inverter functions to convert electric current from AC to DC, or vice versa (from DC to AC). Solar panels connected to an inverter are typically installed on rooftops or in locations exposed to direct sunlight.
An on-grid system also requires an electrical connection to the main grid if the goal is to feed excess electricity back to PLN.
Components of an On-Grid Solar Power System (PLTS)
Several key components are involved in installing an on-grid solar power system. Some of these components are essential, while others serve as supporting elements.
a. Solar Panels
Solar panels function by absorbing sunlight and converting it into electrical energy. The resulting energy can be used to meet the electricity needs of electronic devices.
b. Inverter
An inverter is an electronic component designed to convert DC current into AC current. In the context of an on-grid solar power system, the inverter converts the DC current generated by the solar panels into AC current suitable for operating electronic appliances. It also serves as the link between the solar panels and the AC electrical system.
c. Export-Import kWh Meter
This meter functions similarly to a standard kWh meter. The difference is that an export-import kWh meter measures energy consumed from the grid (PLN) by household electrical loads, as well as energy fed from the solar PV system (PLTS) back into the grid.
d. Energy Meter
An energy meter is a device used to measure electrical energy and monitor power within the solar PV system.
e. Net Meter
A net meter is a device used to measure electricity drawn from the main power grid.
f. Conventional kWh Meter
A conventional meter measures only the electricity supplied by the utility (PLN). It does not account for electricity generated by an on-grid solar PV system and exported to the grid.
Ideal Locations for On-Grid Solar Power Systems
Consider the following points if you wish to install an on-grid solar power system:
The installation site has 24-hour access to the PLN (state electricity company) grid.
The site is located in an urban or suburban area.
It is suitable for homes, office buildings, or other business centers looking to reduce monthly electricity costs.
The site already possesses a Certificate of Operational Worthiness (SLO) for the grid connection.
An EXIM (Export-Import) kWh meter is already installed, or the process of installing one is currently underway.
Batari Energy On-Grid Solar Power Installation Services
An on-grid solar power system is an excellent choice if you live in a densely populated urban area close to the main electricity grid (such as PLN). This solution allows you to save on monthly electricity costs without the worry of rolling blackouts.
Batari Energy provides on-grid solar power installation services across all regions of Indonesia.
Interested in installing a solar power system for your home or business? Click this link for more information!